State,Public land/trail insurance,Permitted road insurance,Notes,Research date,Evidence / qualification,Official source URLs
Alabama,Unconfirmed; check locally,No ordinary UTV road registration,Off-road registration is not road permission; narrow exceptions.,2026-10-31,ALEA offers voluntary off-road registration for public/private designated use. Revenue rule says UTVs generally cannot be titled/registered unless its narrow paragraph (2) federal compliance or prior registration conditions are satisfied; not a statewide street-legal UTV program. Reviewed sources do not explicitly establish trail insurance exemption or mandate.,https://www.alea.gov/dps/driver-license/atvutv-registration | https://admincode.legislature.state.al.us/api/chapter/810-5-1
Alaska,Registration/location dependent,Yes for APVs; geographic exemptions,Local road bans and registration-area exemptions require checking.,2026-10-31,DMV distinguishes off-highway-only registration from APV road registration. Mandatory insurance applies motor vehicles subject to registration with listed geographic exemptions. Official Haines-hosted state APV FAQ explicitly requires policy complying AS28.22 for roadway APV use.,https://dmv.alaska.gov/vehicle-services/off-highway-all-purpose-vehicles/ | https://dmv.alaska.gov/driver-services-adjudication/mandatory-insurance/ | https://www.hainesalaska.gov/media/57731
Arizona,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—street-legal registration,Maintained dirt/Forest Service roads may require highway registration.,2026-10-31,FAQ separates title-only unimproved routes from maintained roads and lists proper insurance for street legal. Official form marks primarily on-highway and primarily off-highway/occasionally on-highway as insurance requirements apply; exclusively off-highway unmarked but silence insufficient for blanket exemption.,https://www.azgfd.com/off-highway-vehicle/ohv-frequently-asked-questions/ | https://apps.azdot.gov/files/mvd/mvd-forms-lib/96-0572.pdf
Arkansas,Unconfirmed; check locally,Restricted exceptions; insurance unresolved,Public-road use generally prohibited; specific statutory exceptions apply.,2026-10-31,Municipal government notice published October 2026 references Title27 Ch21 and limited road exemptions. WMA rules restrict motorized access but no insurance rule stated. SB261 proposed expanded unpaved-road use with liability insurance but died; it is NOT current law.,https://www.cityofvilonia.gov/post/warning-atvs-dirt-bikes-golf-carts-utvs-side-by-sides-not-allowed-on-public-roads | https://www.agfc.com/regulations/general-wma-regulations/ | https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?chamber=Senate&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R&id=SB261
California,Unconfirmed; check locally,ROVs generally not road-legal,OHV identification differs from highway registration; narrow exceptions.,2026-10-31,"DMV defines off-highway vehicles as operated exclusively off public roads. CHP manual governs OHV identification and narrow highway exceptions. Financial responsibility page includes certain off-highway accidents involving vehicles subject to registration, so avoid unsupported no-insurance-required claim for every UTV.",https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/registration-fees/vehicle-definitions/ | https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/driver-education-and-safety/dmv-safety-guidelines-actions/financial-responsibility-insurance/ | https://www.chp.ca.gov/siteassets/policy/hpm/hpm-82.5/hpm-82.5-ch-7.pdf
Colorado,Local/route rules may apply,Local ordinance determines insurance,Authorized OHV routes can require liability insurance.,2026-10-31,General Assembly explainer explicitly authorizes local ordinances requiring liability insurance and gives Alpine Loop example. CPW registration/permit page covers designated trail/open area permits separately from road registration. Do not generalize old Alpine Loop example to every present county road.,https://content.leg.colorado.gov/content/%E2%80%91highway-vehicles | https://cpw.state.co.us/register-off-highway-vehicle
Connecticut,Special insurance for minor registrants,Ordinary road use prohibited,Registrants aged 16–17 require special coverage; crossings restricted.,2026-10-31,DMV says special financial responsibility insurance and parental consent required for ATV registration to ages16/17. Registered ATV cannot operate public highway except qualifying licensed-driver crossing. Statutory ATV definition requires DMV determination unsuitable public highways; UTV classification must be checked.,https://portal.ct.gov/dmv/vehicle-services/register-a-new-vehicle-or-boat-in-ct | https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_255.htm
Delaware,Unconfirmed; check locally,OHVs prohibited on public roads,Registration does not authorize public-street use.,2026-10-31,Official DMV says OHVs may not be operated public streets/highways and statewide registration required. No explicit general liability insurance conclusion established by reviewed source.,https://dmv.de.gov/VehicleServices/specialvehicles/index.shtml?dc=ve_reg_ohv | https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c068/index.html
Florida,Unconfirmed; check locally,No ordinary ROV highway use,Golf-cart/LSV rules do not authorize ordinary UTVs.,2026-10-31,"2026 official statute pages read: 316.2074(5) prohibits public-road ATV operation except authorized agency exceptions; 316.2123 allows qualifying ATVs daytime unpaved roads under35mph, subject county optout; definition is ATV and should not automatically extend to every ROV/UTV. 317.0006 requires OHV title on public lands, not insurance or road registration. FLHSMV OHV page returned403. Trail insurance obligation not established.",https://www.flhsmv.gov/safety-center/consumer-education/off-highway-all-terrain-vehicles/ | https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.2074 | https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/316.2123 | https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/317.0006
Georgia,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—registered qualifying MPOHVs,Utility-use eligibility and county-road restrictions apply.,2026-10-31,DOR expressly requires proof of Georgia automobile liability insurance and continuous insurance for registered MPOHVs. Rule .04 requires insurance any authorized highway operation; .02 narrows eligibility to utility use. Not all sport side-by-sides qualify.,https://dor.georgia.gov/registering-multipurpose-highway-vehicle | https://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/560-10-23
Hawaii,Unconfirmed; check locally,Limited exceptions; confirm insurance,Farm/government road exceptions; not general recreational street use.,2026-10-31,"Current HRS286-12 limits road use to farm equipment/government official duties in specified counties/routes; subsections(d/e) say not regulated as motor vehicles for those uses. Official SB2172 SD1 history checked October31 2026: last action February10 2026, passed second reading and referred JDC; no passage/enactment shown. Official history mirror https://capitolwebsite.azurewebsites.net/session/measure_indiv.aspx?billnumber=2172&billtype=SB&year=2026 . Official legislature RSS directory lists SB2172 last modified February10 2026. Proposed insurance change is NOT treated as enacted; bill removed from public row sources. Road insurance conclusion remains qualified.",https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0286/HRS_0286-0012.htm
Idaho,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—liability or statutory alternative,"Restricted plate, OHV sticker and equipment required.",2026-10-31,DOI bulletin applies Title49 Ch12 insurance to licensed/registered ATV/UTV road operation. Current municipal police guidance explicitly requires liability or alternative insurance on city/county/highway-district roads. Trail-only requirement not expressly established.,https://parksandrecreation.idaho.gov/park-activity/atvs-utvs-motorbikes/ | https://doi.idaho.gov/bulletin/09-01-liability-coverage-requirements-for-motorbikes-all-terrain-vehicles-and-utility-type-vehicles/ | https://mccall.id.us/m/newsflash/home/detail/246
Illinois,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes on authorized roads,Farm exceptions still require qualifying liability coverage.,2026-10-31,Official court opinion paragraphs31-33 quotes 11-1426.1(g) mandatory insurance for nonhighway vehicles on roads and farm exception still requiring farm/home/nonhighway liability policy meeting minimums. Statute page fetch502; court is primary official judicial evidence. Not a blanket road authorization.,https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/fulltext.asp?DocName=062500050K11-1426.1 | https://ilcourtsaudio.blob.core.windows.net/antilles-resources/resources/a1a8f199-a11c-43bb-b6ec-1e6473f999c5/Endicott%20v.%20Utica%20Mutual%20Insurance%20Company%2C%202022%20IL%20App%20%285th%29%20210090-U.pdf
Indiana,Unconfirmed; check locally,County ordinance determines insurance,County road restrictions differ; check before riding.,2026-10-31,DNR page updated September1 2026 expressly states individual counties set restrictions including insurance requirements. Does not establish statewide trail insurance mandate/exemption.,https://www.in.gov/dnr/state-parks/recreation/trails/off-roading/off-roading-on-county-roads
Iowa,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—liability insurance for roads,"DNR registration, equipment, route and driver restrictions apply.",2026-10-31,"DOT specifically lists valid liability insurance/proof under321.234A(2), DNR sticker, equipment, age18 and route limitations for non-ag road operation. Does not explicitly establish trail-only insurance requirement.",https://iowadot.gov/consultants-contractors/traffic-safety/driving-your-atv-or-utvorv-iowa-public-roads
Kansas,Nonhighway-title insurance exemption,Classification/local rules—confirm,Nonhighway title exemption differs from road permission.,2026-10-31,"Current 2026 displayed statute8-15,109 permits work-site utility vehicles on specified local roads with city authorization; limits federal/state highways to crossing/agricultural exceptions. No insurance requirement in that section. KSA8-198(h) explicitly excludes nonhighway-title vehicles from insurance act except(g) salvage permit use. Classification and local rules still matter.",https://ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_001_0098.html | https://www.kslegislature.gov/b2023_24/laws/008_000_0000_chapter/008_015_0000_article/008_015_0109_section/008_015_0109_k/
Kentucky,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—registered street-legal SPV,Motorcycle insurance; road restrictions and inspection apply.,2026-10-31,"601 KAR 23:070 section 2(5) requires proof under KRS304.39-110 and insurance as a motorcycle; section3 requires carrying proof and restricts roads. KRS189.515 allows approved public-property operation, but does not establish the ordinary trail insurance answer.",https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/601/023/070/ | https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=51584
Louisiana,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—authorized UTV road use,Only designated parish roads/municipal streets; registration required.,2026-10-31,RS32:299.3(B) restricts operation to designated parish roads or municipal streets; (D) registration; (F) highway liability insurance at RS32:900(B) limits. This does not establish off-road trail insurance.,https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=962467
Maine,Unconfirmed; check locally,Exempt from Chapter 13 insurance,Only authorized road use; verify route and vehicle classification.,2026-10-31,"29-A§2080 expressly exempts ATV/off-road vehicles operated on a way from chapters5,7,13,15. Chapter13 is financial responsibility (including §1601). IFW rules cover authorized access routes; no conclusive trail insurance statement located. Do not use general auto insurance guidance to imply every ATV needs road insurance.",https://www.legis.maine.gov/legis/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec2080.html | https://www1.maine.gov/ifw/atv-snowmobile/atv/laws-rules.html
Maryland,No statewide insurance mandate,Local exceptions—confirm requirements,Title/decal does not confer general road permission.,2026-10-31,Insurance Administration defines both ATV and UTV and states no legal requirement to insure ATV. MVA distinguishes off-road decals from LSV road registration; LSV must be insured. An ordinary UTV must not be equated with a qualifying federally classified LSV.,https://insurance.maryland.gov/Consumer/Pages/atv-utv.aspx | https://mva.maryland.gov/your-mva-guide/businesses/bulletins-businesses/titling-and-registrations-golf-carts-atvs-utvs-and-road-vehicles
Massachusetts,No statewide insurance mandate,Generally prohibited; limited exceptions,Insurance is optional off-road; lender requirements can differ.,2026-10-31,Division of Insurance expressly says no law requires purchasing insurance on off-road recreational vehicles and says road/public-way operation is prohibited except emergency or authorized state-law/regulatory exceptions.,https://www.mass.gov/info-details/recreational-vehicle-insurance
Michigan,No state no-fault requirement,Yes—converted on-road assembled vehicle,Local ORV road exceptions differ; trail permits still apply.,2026-10-31,§324.81106 exempts ORVs from insurance-code §§500.3101–3179. SOS expressly requires Michigan No-Fault for assembled ORV on-road registration. MSP explains very limited unconverted road use and local ordinance permissions under §324.81131. Exemption must not be read as prohibiting private trail operator insurance conditions.,https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-451-1994-III-4-6-OFF-ROAD-RECREATION-VEHICLES.pdf | https://www.michigan.gov/sos/vehicle/recreational-vehicles-watercraft | https://www.michigan.gov/msp/services/safetytips/traffic-laws-faqs
Minnesota,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—local special-permit road use,Class 2 ATV road rules differ from special-permit rules.,2026-10-31,"2026 House Research publication pages8–9 says §169.045 local special-permit ordinance must establish insurance matching motorcycles (liability, no PIP). It distinguishes ordinary OHV rules from local special permits; do not apply this blanketly to every Class2 ATV route.",https://www.house.mn.gov/hrd/pubs/lowpower.pdf | https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/regulations/ohv/index.html
Mississippi,Unconfirmed; check locally,Unconfirmed; check locally,Titling alone does not establish road eligibility or insurance rules.,2026-10-31,DOR FAQ says ATVs/utility vehicles manufactured after July1 2025 require titles; title rules address off-road classification. A proposed 2025 SB2258 allowing tagging died; 2026 SB2265 appears as introduced and must not be represented as enacted without status confirmation. No definitive state-specific UTV trail/road insurance conclusion established.,https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-frequently-asked-questions | https://www.dor.ms.gov/sites/default/files/Tags%20%26%20Titles/Part%20VII%20Motor%20Vehicles%20and%20Titles.pdf
Missouri,No statewide mandate,No state mandate for permitted ROHV use,Local ordinances may add conditions; road permission remains limited.,2026-10-31,MoDOT quick guide and Highway Patrol brochure explicitly say ROHV insurance is not required. §304.033 limits permitted road use (including local permits). General auto-insurance requirement does not apply simply by calling ROHV a motor vehicle; DOR says ROHV does not meet that definition.,https://www6.modot.mo.gov/HighwaySafetyOrderSystem/Home/ExportPDF/181 | https://mshp.dps.missouri.gov/MSHPWeb/Publications/Brochures/documents/SHP-448.pdf | https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=304.033
Montana,No—for qualifying quadricycles,No—for qualifying quadricycles,Four-wheel UTVs fit broad quadricycle definition; road equipment still required.,2026-10-31,2025 MCA61-1-101(57) defines quadricycle broadly as four-wheeled motor vehicle designed on-road or off-road with seat or saddle; excludes golf carts. MCA61-6-303(5) expressly exempts quadricycles from mandatory liability. Ordinary four-wheel UTVs meet the text; unusual six-wheel classification requires confirmation. MVD permits on-road and off-road quadricycle registration. Road equipment and access restrictions remain.,https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0060/part_0030/section_0030/0610-0060-0030-0030.html | https://fwp.mt.gov/activities/off-highway-vehicles | https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/motorcycle-and-quadricycle-registration-and-fees/ | https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0010/part_0010/section_0010/0610-0010-0010-0010.html
Nebraska,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—specified authorized highway operation,Crossing/parade exemptions differ; local authorization is necessary.,2026-10-31,"Current §60-6,356 operative July18 2026 expressly requires liability insurance for operation under subsection2 and specified utility personnel/crossings; exceptions apply to parades and certain crossings. Does not establish ordinary offroad trail insurance.",https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-6%2C356 | https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/title/atvs-minibikes-and-utvs
Nevada,No for ordinary off-road OHVs,Yes—alternative large-ATV road registration,Alternative large-ATV registration requires continuous coverage; local road restrictions apply.,2026-10-31,"Scoped legal reading, not simply decal inference: NRS485.050 limits Chapter485 motor vehicle to self-propelled vehicles designed for highway use; ordinary off-road OHVs are governed by Chapter490, whose490.090(3) authorizes public-land/trail use subject to land-manager restrictions. OHV Commission FAQ expressly says ordinary decal needs no liability insurance. NRS490.0825 separately creates owner-requested large-ATV road registration and expressly requires continuous liability insurance. Ordinary off-road-only OHVs therefore have no statewide rider insurance mandate under these provisions; highway-designed or alternatively road-registered vehicles and site-specific rules differ.",https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nRs/NRS-490.html | https://ohv.nv.gov/faq | https://dmv.nv.gov/pdfforms/ohv031.pdf | https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-485.html#NRS485Sec050
New Hampshire,No general insurance requirement,No general mandate; financial-responsibility rules apply,Only authorized roads; some drivers can be ordered insured.,2026-10-31,"Official NH Fish and Game-authored digest (official publication hosted by publishing vendor eRegulations) says OHRV insurance is not required to operate in NH, but all financial-responsibility-law provisions apply on public highways. RSA264 includes security/proof obligations after certain events; no blanket mandatory policy claim.",https://www.eregulations.com/assets/docs/guides/26NHATV_LR.pdf | https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/xxi/264/264-mrg.htm | https://www.nhstateparks.org/find-parks-trails/find-trails-maps-clubs/trail-laws
New Jersey,Yes—where off-road operation is lawful,Public-road riding prohibited; crossings only,Registration and insurance do not authorize closed public-land riding.,2026-10-31,"AG guidance requires liability under39:3C-20 in lawful areas, notes farm/nonresident exemptions, and prohibits public-land operation unless designated or special event. MVC requires proof of insurance and registration and off-road use only.",https://www.nj.gov/oag/dcj/agguide/2023-0522_ORV-ATV-Guidance-FINAL.pdf | https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicletopics/mopedatv.htm
New Mexico,Unconfirmed; check locally,Yes—authorized paved-road operation,Paved-road plate does not authorize every road; local permission required.,2026-10-31,"Game and Fish requires adult ATV/ROV paved-road operators to hold proof of financial responsibility (liability insurance), driver license, and eye protection where local ordinance authorizes operation. MVD June2026 guidance separates paved-road plate from ordinary street-legal registration. Ordinary offroad insurance not established.",https://ridenm.dgf.nm.gov/laws-rules/ | https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/chapter-16-off-highway-motor-vehicles/
New York,Yes—off the owner's property,No general street-legal UTV registration,UTV eligibility is restricted; insurance does not legalize road riding.,2026-10-31,VAT2407 requires covered ATV liability everywhere other than owner's lands. Broome County Sheriff official booklet explicitly applies insurance off-owner-property to UTV and says UTV registration unavailable because typical units exceed ATV width/weight eligibility. Need distinguish registration eligibility and road permission.,https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/2407 | https://broomecountyny.gov/sites/default/files/dept/sheriff/pdfs/BCSO%20ATV%20-%20UTV%20-%20Motorcycle%20Guidelines%20Booklet.pdf
North Carolina,Unconfirmed; check trail rules,"Yes, registered modified UTVs",Only qualifying modified vehicles; road restrictions apply.,2026-10-31,G.S.20-121.1(3) expressly requires modified utility vehicles registered and insured under 20-50/20-309. No definitive current official trail-insurance exemption located; 2009 bill digest is not sufficient proof of enacted/current law.,https://www3.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/BySection/Chapter_20/GS_20-121.1.pdf | https://www.ncdot.org/dmv/title-registration/insurance-requirements/Pages/default.aspx
North Dakota,Yes on public lands,Yes on permitted roads,Carry proof; registration and equipment rules apply.,2026-10-31,ND Parks brochure states operators must provide liability insurance proof; DOT manual requires insurance for highway shoulder/right-of-way. Park Use Rule 58-02-08-31 also explicitly requires liability insurance; state rule primary text should be checked if narrower wording desired. Official Parks OHV Manual expressly states cannot operate OHV on public lands without liability insurance. Current Pembina Gorge OHV page likewise explicitly requires insurance.,https://www.parkrec.nd.gov/business/sites/www/files/documents/Rec%20Programs/OHV%20Manual.pdf | https://www.parkrec.nd.gov/business/sites/www/files/documents/Rec%20Programs/04-2022%20OHV%20Brochure%20WEB.pdf | https://www.dot.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/Drivers%20-%20documents/Motor%20Vehicles/registration-manual.pdf | https://www.parkrec.nd.gov/pembina-gorge-state-recreation-area-ohv
Ohio,Unconfirmed; check trail rules,Yes on permitted roads,"Classification, inspection and local road permission matter.",2026-10-31,State BMV says APV registration alone is not valid for public roads. Official county sheriff explicitly requires road APV/UTV insurance and explains inspection/registration. State insurance guide requires FR for driving motor vehicles. Definition of utility vehicle differs from APV; no categorical offroad exemption confirmed.,https://bmv.ohio.gov/vr-firstissuance.aspx | https://insurance.ohio.gov/consumers/automobile/automobile-insurance-guide | https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4519.01 | https://www.washingtoncountysheriff.org/off-road
Oklahoma,Unconfirmed; check trail rules,Yes for street-legal UTVs,Annual street registration differs from off-road registration.,2026-10-31,"1115.3 distinguishes exclusive-offroad and street-legal registration. Service Oklahoma glossary defines liability insurance as minimum required on state roads and says Oklahoma-compliant insurance needed to title/register. Offroad titling waives insurance verification; waiver is not itself an affirmative trail-use exemption, hence cautious trail cell.",https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=443642 | https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/glossary.html | https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/vehicle-titles.html
Oregon,"No, Class IV off-road",Usually; check local route rules,Ordinary street conversion unavailable; local routes differ.,2026-10-31,"FAQ explicitly exempts Classes I, III, IV off road and says Classes I/IV cannot be made street legal. Places to Ride says all counties and most cities with authorized road routes require liability insurance; distinguish these routes from regular street legalization.",https://www.oregon.gov/oprd/atv/pages/atv-faq.aspx | https://www.oregon.gov/oprd/ATV/Pages/ATV-places-to-ride.aspx
Pennsylvania,"Yes, off owned/leased land",Yes on designated roads,Carry liability proof; no statutory minimum amount.,2026-10-31,DCNR says insurance required on land not owned or leased; 7730 requires for general registrations and excepts limited registration. Permitted designated joint-use road operation subject to same ATV coverage.,https://www.pa.gov/services/dcnr/register-or-title-your-atv | https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/what-to-do/atv-riding/riding-rules-and-enforcement | https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?chpt=77&div=0&iFrame=true&sctn=30&subsctn=0&ttl=75&txtType=HTM
Rhode Island,Management-area riding prohibited,No ordinary road registration,Recreational registration does not authorize road use.,2026-10-31,State rules define recreational vehicles including ATV as unsuitable and ineligible for public-way registration. DEM state lands hunting abstract prohibits ATV use in management-area context. Do not state private-land insurance optional without further proof.,https://rules.sos.ri.gov/regulations/part/250-80-00-8 | https://dem.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur861/files/2023-08/huntabs.pdf
South Carolina,Unconfirmed; check trail rules,"New insured registration: Nov. 18, 2026",Not yet effective as of Oct. 31.,2026-10-31,"Official DMV explicitly announces effective November 18, 2026, registered UTV public-road use with restrictions, and maintain proof liability insurance. Must not publish upcoming rule as current on Oct 31. No affirmative official offroad insurance exemption confirmed.",https://dmv.sc.gov/Vehicle-Owners/Types-Of-Vehicles/terrain-vehicles
South Dakota,Area-specific; park roads require proof,"Yes, financial responsibility",Dedicated OHV areas differ; confirm destination rules.,2026-10-31,"GFP distinguishes Oahe Downstream/Revheim Bay designated OHV areas from all other park areas. Other parks require registered vehicles, insurance proof, designated-road-only operation. SDCL 32-35-113 mandates financial responsibility (insurance or approved alternatives). Dedicated OHV-area insurance requirement not affirmatively settled by brochure, hence area-specific.",https://gfp.sd.gov/userdocs/docs/off-highway-vehicles.pdf | https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-35-113 | https://dor.sd.gov/individuals/motor-vehicle/off-road-vehicles/
Tennessee,Unconfirmed; check park rules,"Yes, financial responsibility",Qualifying OHVs only; authorized roads and classes.,2026-10-31,"Revenue describes qualifying classes and limited-road registration. Official code text 55-4-701(c) requires Chapter12 financial responsibility as precondition ClassI/ClassII county-road operation. Current Revenue page does not independently restate insurance, so older official code citation retained; no trail exemption established. More recent official 2024 GeneralAssembly HB2763 bill analysis FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY paragraph expressly describes existing law requiring ClassI/II county-road operators comply with financial responsibility; this is evidence of existing law, not treating proposed state-highway expansion as enacted. Current2025 Revenue plate chart gives classification only, not insurance. Road cell is deliberately limited to authorized roads and avoids numeric limits.",https://www.tn.gov/revenue/title-and-registration/vehicle-registration/off-highway-vehicles.html | https://capitol.tn.gov/Archives/Joint/publications/TNCodeBills/2017/TNCodeBill_Volume2_2017.pdf | https://wapp.capitol.tn.gov/apps/BillInfo/Default.aspx?BillNumber=HB2763&ga=113
Texas,No on public OHV land,Generally yes; statutory exceptions,Restricted roads; OHV plates are not registration.,2026-10-31,"601.052 exempts OHV public OHV-land, beach, and specified 551A.055 operations; general FR otherwise. TxDMV describes no regular registration, OHV plates and restricted road cases. Statutory text should be primary support; DPS Aug2025 law-enforcement guide also summarizes the four exceptions but not used as sole authority. TPWD Specialty Vehicles official page expressly says liability insurance not required for OHVs in state park context.",https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm#601.052 | https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/buying-or-selling-a-vehicle/unique-vehicles | https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/park-information/specialty-vehicles
Utah,No off public roads,Yes for street-legal use,OHV plate alone does not confer street legality.,2026-10-31,DMV expressly requires liability for streetlegal public-road ATVs and exempts OHVs not operated on public roads. OHV registration page distinguishes tan OHV plate from street-legal status.,https://dmv.utah.gov/register/insurance/ | https://recreation.utah.gov/off-highway-vehicles/ohv-registration-and-permits/in-state-ohv-registration/
Vermont,Yes where registration required,Yes on authorized roads,"Policy, bond or approved self-insurance; road permission separate.",2026-10-31,"3506(a)(13) explicitly forbids operation where registration required without liability insurance/bond, allows selfinsurance. Current statutory minimum 25/50/10; not necessary to include numeric limits in compact table. Contrary commercial guides incorrectly state no law.",https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/031/03506 | https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/new/off-road-vehicles/registering-your-atv?order=title&sort=desc
Virginia,Unconfirmed; check riding-area rules,Restricted exceptions; confirm locally,ATV highway prohibition; utility-vehicle categories differ.,2026-10-31,"DMV says ATVs no registration required, public-highway operation illegal absent exceptions. 916.3 restricts golf cart/utility vehicle road operation; could not establish universally applicable insurance requirement for recreational UTV road exception. Do not imply all side-by-sides qualify as statutory work utility vehicles.",https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/title/all-terrain-vehicles | https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter8/section46.2-916.3/
Washington,No state WATV mandate,No state WATV mandate,Qualifying WATVs only; road tabs/permission still required.,2026-10-31,"RCW46.30.020(3)(b) expressly exempts WATVs defined in46.09.310 from mandatory FR chapter. Restrict conclusion to qualifying WATVs, not all large UTVs. DOL describes classification and roads permission.",https://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.30&full=true | https://dol.wa.gov/am/node/308
West Virginia,Trail-specific; confirm operator rules,Yes for street-legal SPVs,Hatfield-McCoy road connections also require liability.,2026-10-31,SPV DMV page explicitly requires insurance certificate before registration. ATV DMV distinguishes trail-system permit/helmet rules from approved roads/highways/ATVfriendly towns insurance requirement. No blanket trail insurance mandate established.,https://dmv.wv.gov/vehicle-services/atvs/special-purpose-vehicles | https://dmv.wv.gov/vehicle-services/atv
Wisconsin,No statewide mandate; local rules,No statewide mandate; local rules,Some municipal trails/routes require liability coverage.,2026-10-31,OCI expressly says Wisconsin no law requiring resident ATV/UTV liability. City of Superior official FAQ requires insurance on city trail system; Greenfield ordinance also requires local operation. Therefore don't publish unqualified no.,https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/Consumers/OtherVehicles.aspx | https://www.superiorwi.gov/DocumentCenter/View/12238/ATV-UTV-FAQ | https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/permits/registrations/atv
Wyoming,Unconfirmed off-road; yes on road-trails,Yes on road routes,Pure off-road trails differ; agricultural exceptions apply.,2026-10-31,"Current31-5-1601(a)(i) requires minimum25000 liability on roadways designated ORVtrails; 2023SF0017 enacted change effectiveJuly1,2023. Do not use outdated2022/no-insurance pamphlet. Pure nonroad trail mandate not established; cell describes road-trail subset rather than all trails.",https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title31.pdf | https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2023/SF0017